极地船舶露天液压马达热损失特性研究&#x02014;&#x02014;基于试验与仿真的热力学分析

井雪琦; 陈严; 王品昊; 仲禹潼; 龚昱宁; 辛禹樵; 温海明; 张大勇

doi:10.7643/ issn.1672-9242.2026.05.011

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装备环境工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (5) : 92-101. DOI: 10.7643/ issn.1672-9242.2026.05.011

船舶及海洋工程装备

极地船舶露天液压马达热损失特性研究——基于试验与仿真的热力学分析

井雪琦¹, 陈严¹, 王品昊¹, 仲禹潼¹, 龚昱宁¹, 辛禹樵¹, 温海明¹, 张大勇^1,2,*

作者信息 +

Thermal Loss Characteristics of Exposed Hydraulic Motors in Polar Ships: A Thermodynamic Analysis Based on Experiments and Simulation

JING Xueqi¹, CHEN Yan¹, WANG Pinhao¹, ZHONG Yutong¹, GONGYuning¹, XIN Yuqiao¹, WEN Haiming¹, ZHANG Dayong^1,2,*

Author information +

文章历史 +

摘要

目的明确极地环境下船舶露天甲板液压马达热损失与关键环境因素的定量规律,揭示其散热特性主控因素,为极地甲板机械热设计提供依据。方法采用外场试验与计算流体动力学（CFD）数值模拟相结合的研究方法。首先,在类极地低温条件下进行外场试验,获取液压马达运行的关键参数。其次,以实测油温为边界条件,建立液压马达稳态散热模型,系统分析环境温度（-60~0 ℃）、风速（0~50 m/s）及液压油温（-20~20 ℃）对其散热过程的影响规律。结果风速、环境温度及油温均与液压马达散热强度呈显著正相关,其中风速的影响最为显著。当风速从0增至50 m/s时,散热量增幅约达26.67倍;环境温度从0 ℃下降至-60 ℃,散热量提升8.73倍;液压油温由-20 ℃升至20 ℃时,散热量相应增加5.04倍。此外,表面温度分布呈现非均匀性,方形区域温度高于圆形区域,最大温差达2.1 ℃。结论风速是极地环境下调控液压马达散热的主导因素,其变化不仅能大幅改变散热量,还能驱动散热模式从自然对流向强制对流转变。基于数值仿真结果建立的散热特性曲线族与预测模型,能够有效预测不同工况下的热损失。

Abstract

The work aims to quantify the effects of key environmental factors on the thermal loss of exposed deck hydraulic motors in polar ships, identify the dominant parameter governing their heat dissipation behavior, and provide theoretical support for optimizing the thermal management design of exposed decks in polar regions. An integrated methodology combining field tests with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was adopted. Firstly, field tests were performed under simulated polar low-temperature conditions to acquire key operational parameters of the hydraulic motor. Secondly, a steady-state heat transfer model was developed with the measured oil temperatures as boundary conditions. Then, this model facilitated a systematic analysis of how ambient temperature (ranging from -60 ℃ to 0 ℃), wind speed (0-50 m/s), and hydraulic oil temperature (-20 ℃ to 20 ℃) affected the heat dissipation process. The simulation results demonstrated significant positive correlations of wind speed, ambient temperature, and oil temperature with the heat dissipation intensity. Wind speed emerged as the most affecting factor. Increasing the wind speed from 0 to 50 m/s amplified the heat dissipation rate by approximately 26.67 times. Comparatively, lowering the ambient temperature from 0 ℃ to -60 ℃ increased dissipation by a factor of 8.73, while raising the oil temperature from -20 ℃ to 20 ℃ resulted in a 5.04-fold enhancement. Furthermore, the surface temperature distribution was non-uniform, with the square region consistently exhibiting higher temperatures than the circular region, yielding a maximum observed difference of 2.1 ℃. Wind speed is identified as the dominant factor controlling the heat dissipation of hydraulic motors in polar environments. Its increase not only substantially elevates the heat loss magnitude but also shifts the dominant heat transfer mode from natural convection toward forced convection. The heat dissipation performance curves and prediction model established based on numerical simulation can provide an effective tool for predicting thermal losses under diverse operating conditions.

导出引用

井雪琦, 陈严, 王品昊, 仲禹潼, 龚昱宁, 辛禹樵, 温海明, 张大勇. 极地船舶露天液压马达热损失特性研究——基于试验与仿真的热力学分析[J]. 装备环境工程. 2026, 23(5): 92-101 https://doi.org/10.7643/ issn.1672-9242.2026.05.011

JING Xueqi, CHEN Yan, WANG Pinhao, ZHONG Yutong, GONGYuning, XIN Yuqiao, WEN Haiming, ZHANG Dayong. Thermal Loss Characteristics of Exposed Hydraulic Motors in Polar Ships: A Thermodynamic Analysis Based on Experiments and Simulation[J]. Equipment Environmental Engineering. 2026, 23(5): 92-101 https://doi.org/10.7643/ issn.1672-9242.2026.05.011

中图分类号： U665

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